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LAN Enhancement Components Component Function
*Repeater Resides in the Physical Layer of the OSI model. Regenerates signals for retransmission. Moves packets from one physical media to another. Will pass broadcast storms. Cannot connect different network topologies or access methods.
*Bridge         Resides in the MAC sublayer of the Data Link Layer of the OSI model. Bridges are used to segment networks. They forward packets based on address of destination node. Uses RAM to build a routing table based on source addresses. Will connect dissimilar network topologies. Will forward all protocols. Regenerates the signal at the packet level.
*Remote Bridge Same as bridge, but used for telephone communications. Uses STA (Spanning Tree Algorithm).
*Router     Resides in the Network Layer of the OSI model. Is used to switch and route packets across multiple networks. Uses RAM to build a routing table based on network addresses. Shares status and routing information to other routers to provide better traffic management and bypass slow connections. Will not pass broadcast traffic. Are slower than bridges due to complex functions. Strips off Data Link Layer source and destination addresses and then recreates them for packets. Routers can accomodate multiple active paths between LAN segments.
*Brouter Will act as a router for specified protocols and as a bridge for other specified protocols.
*Gateway Resides in the Transport, Session, Presentation and Application Layers of the OSI model. Used for communications between different network types (i.e. Windows NT and IBM SNA). Takes the packet, strips off the old protocol and repackages it for the receiving network.
*Multiplexer Device that can divide transimissions into two or more channels. Multiplexing - Several signals from different sources are collected into the component and are fed into one cable for transmission.
*Spanning Tree Algortithm - was developed for bridges to determine the most efficient network in path when there are multiple paths to choose from.
 

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MCSE :

Install, configure, and troubleshoot network adapters.

A network adapter (sometimes called a network interface card, or NIC) is a hardware card installed in a computer so it can communicate on a network. The network adapter provides one or more ports for the network cable to connect to, and it transmits and receives data onto the network cable.

Every networked computer must also have a network adapter driver, which controls the network adapter. Each network adapter driver is configured to run with a certain type of network adapter.

A networked computer must also have one or more protocol drivers (sometimes called a transport protocol or just a protocol). The protocol driver works between the upper-level network software and the network adapter to package data to be sent on the network.

In most cases, for two computers to communicate on a network, they must use identical protocols. Sometimes, a computer is configured to use multiple protocols. In this case, two computers need only one protocol in common to communicate. For example, a computer running File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks that uses both NetBEUI and TCP/IP can communicate with computers using only NetBEUI or TCP/IP.

To add a network component

 

  • Open Network and Dial-up Connections.
  • Right-click the connection to which you want to add a network component, and then click Properties. Do one of the following: If this is a local area connection, click Install. If this is a dial-up, VPN, or incoming connection, on the Networking tab, click Install.
  • In the Select Network Component Type dialog box, click either Client, Service, or Protocol, and then click Add.
  • Do one of the following: If you do not have an installation disk for the component, click the appropriate client, service, or protocol, and then click OK. If you have an installation disk for the component, click the appropriate client, service, or protocol, click Have Disk, insert the installation disk into the selected drive, and then click OK.

The most common network adapter problems are interrupt conflict and transceiver setting.

Things to Check:

 

  • Do the setting on the card match the setting in the network software you using
  • Is there a conflict between IRQ's
  • Is there an I/O address conflict
  • Is there a memory conflict
  • Is the cable attached securely
  • Is the adapter card set to the correct speed setting for the network