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LAN Enhancement Components Component Function
*Repeater Resides in the Physical Layer of the OSI model. Regenerates signals for retransmission. Moves packets from one physical media to another. Will pass broadcast storms. Cannot connect different network topologies or access methods.
*Bridge         Resides in the MAC sublayer of the Data Link Layer of the OSI model. Bridges are used to segment networks. They forward packets based on address of destination node. Uses RAM to build a routing table based on source addresses. Will connect dissimilar network topologies. Will forward all protocols. Regenerates the signal at the packet level.
*Remote Bridge Same as bridge, but used for telephone communications. Uses STA (Spanning Tree Algorithm).
*Router     Resides in the Network Layer of the OSI model. Is used to switch and route packets across multiple networks. Uses RAM to build a routing table based on network addresses. Shares status and routing information to other routers to provide better traffic management and bypass slow connections. Will not pass broadcast traffic. Are slower than bridges due to complex functions. Strips off Data Link Layer source and destination addresses and then recreates them for packets. Routers can accomodate multiple active paths between LAN segments.
*Brouter Will act as a router for specified protocols and as a bridge for other specified protocols.
*Gateway Resides in the Transport, Session, Presentation and Application Layers of the OSI model. Used for communications between different network types (i.e. Windows NT and IBM SNA). Takes the packet, strips off the old protocol and repackages it for the receiving network.
*Multiplexer Device that can divide transimissions into two or more channels. Multiplexing - Several signals from different sources are collected into the component and are fed into one cable for transmission.
*Spanning Tree Algortithm - was developed for bridges to determine the most efficient network in path when there are multiple paths to choose from.
 


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Monitor, configure, and troubleshoot volumes.

Basic volumes

Include partitions and logical drives, as well as volumes created using Windows NT 4.0, such as volume sets, stripe sets, mirror sets, and stripe sets with parity. In Windows 2000, these volumes have been renamed to spanned volumes, striped volumes, mirrored volumes, and RAID-5 volumes.

To format a basic volume, Right-click the partition, logical drive, or basic volume you want to format (or reformat), and then click Format. (You cannot format the system or boot partition)

Spanned volumes

A spanned volume is made up of disk space on more than one physical disk. You can add more space to a spanned volume by extending it at any time.

  • Can be created only on dynamic disks
  • You need at least two dynamic disks to create a spanned volume
  • You can extend a spanned volume onto a maximum of 32 dynamic disks
  • Can not be mirrored or striped
  • You can delete only entire spanned volumes.

Striped volumes

A striped volume stores data in stripes on two or more physical disks. Data in a striped volume is allocated alternately and evenly (in stripes) to the disks of the striped volume. Striped volumes improve the speed of access to your hard disk.

  • You need at least two dynamic disks to create a striped volume.
  • You can create a striped volume onto a maximum of 32 disks.
  • Striped volumes are not fault tolerant and cannot be extended or mirrored

Mirrored volumes

A mirrored volume is a fault-tolerant volume that duplicates your data on two physical disks. It provides data redundancy by using a copy (mirror) of the volume to duplicate the information contained in the volume. The mirror is located on a different disk. If one of the physical disks fails, the data on the failed disk becomes unavailable, but the system continues to operate using the unaffected disk.

  • You can create mirrored volumes only on computers running Windows 2000 Server
  • You need at least two dynamic disks to create a mirrored volume.
  • Mirrored volumes are fault tolerant.
  • Mirrored volumes cannot be extended or striped.
  • The same drive letter is used for both copies (mirrors) of a mirrored volume.
  • Slower than a RAID-5 volume in read operations but faster in write operations.

RAID-5 volumes

A RAID-5 volume is a fault-tolerant volume with data and parity striped intermittently across three or more physical disks. If a portion of a physical disk fails, you can recreate the data that was on the failed portion from the remaining data and parity. RAID-5 volumes are a good solution for data redundancy in a computer environment in which most activity consists of reading data.

  • You can create RAID-5 volumes only on computers running Windows 2000 Server.
  • You need at least three dynamic disks to create a RAID-5 volume.
  • Can span a maximum of 32 disks.
  • Provides fault tolerance
  • Cannot be extended or mirrored