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Packet Switching Networks Packet Switching - Packets are relayed across network along the best route available.
Repeater = Physical layer - takes a weak signal and regenerates it - doesn't translate or filter anything - can move packets from on physical media to another (i.e. can connect thinet to fiber-optic) - they are cheap - will pass a broadcast storm
Bridge = Data Link layer - does everything a repeater does - reduce traffic by segmenting the network by using a routing table- regenerate the signal at the packet level - not suited to WANs slower than 56K - will pass broadcast storms - read the source and destination of every packet - pass packet with unknown destinations - connect dissimilar networks (i.e. Token Ring and Ethernet)
Router = Network layer - does filtering and isolating traffic - forwards particular protocols to particular addresses (other routers) - connect network segments - not all protocols are routeable (LAT and NetBEUI) - are used in complex network situations because they provide better traffic mgmt. than brides - don't pass broadcast traffic.
Brouter = combines best qualities of both a bridge and a Router - can act like a Router for one protocol and bridge all of the others (nonroutable) - delivers more cost-effective
 

 
 

 

 

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MCSE : Security Specialist

Security

 Encrypt data on a hard disk by using Encrypting File System (EFS).

Windows 2000 includes greater security than other versions of windows, with its Encrypting File System (EFS). It is based on public and private key encryption. The file system automatically generates an encryption certificate for the user along with a private key. You can encrypt individual files or folders, only on the NTFS file system.

When a user is logged on, they don't have to decrypt files to use them EFS automatically detects an encrypted file, locates the users private key and decrypts the file.

To encrypt a file or folder

  • In explorer select the file or folder you want to encrypt, choose properties
  • Choose advanced button to display the advanced attributes
  • Check the Encrypt Contents To Secure Data box
  • To remove encryption from a file or folder, follow directions above and uncheck the Encrypt Contents To Secure Data box.

    You can also encrypt file and folders from the DOS command prompt using cipher.exe If you do not use any command line options cipher will just display the encryption status of the folder.

    cipher [/e | /d] [/s:dir] [/i] [/q] [dirname]

  • /e Encrypts specified directory
  • /d Decrypts specified directory
  • /s : dir Specifies the directory to encrypt or decrypt
  • /i Ignors errors
  • /q Specifies a directory
  • dirname
  •