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Packet Switching Networks Packet Switching - Packets are relayed across network along the best route available.
Repeater = Physical layer - takes a weak signal and regenerates it - doesn't translate or filter anything - can move packets from on physical media to another (i.e. can connect thinet to fiber-optic) - they are cheap - will pass a broadcast storm
Bridge = Data Link layer - does everything a repeater does - reduce traffic by segmenting the network by using a routing table- regenerate the signal at the packet level - not suited to WANs slower than 56K - will pass broadcast storms - read the source and destination of every packet - pass packet with unknown destinations - connect dissimilar networks (i.e. Token Ring and Ethernet)
Router = Network layer - does filtering and isolating traffic - forwards particular protocols to particular addresses (other routers) - connect network segments - not all protocols are routeable (LAT and NetBEUI) - are used in complex network situations because they provide better traffic mgmt. than brides - don't pass broadcast traffic.
Brouter = combines best qualities of both a bridge and a Router - can act like a Router for one protocol and bridge all of the others (nonroutable) - delivers more cost-effective
 

 
 

 

 

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MCSE : Security Specialist

24. Windows 2000 Operating systems support 5 different volume types:

1.      Simple volumes

2.      Spanned volumes

3.      Striped volumes

4.      Mirrored volumes

5.      RAID-5 volumes

A simple volume consists of a formatted disk on a single hard disk.

A Spanned volume consists of disk space on more than one hard disk.

A Striped volume has disk space on 2 or more disks. The disk spaces must be same on all disks. Fastest disk access among all volume types. RAID level 0.

A mirrored volume consists of a Simple volume that is mirrored in total, onto a second dynamic disk. Provides highest level of fault tolerance. Mirroring is RAID level 1

A RAID-5 volume consists of identical sized disk space located on three or more dynamic disks. Here any single disk failures can be recovered.

Windows 2000 Professional doesn’t support Mirrored and RAID-5 volumes, where as other Windows 2000 Server Operating Systems (2000 Server, Advanced Server) support.

25. If you are creating a striped volume on a new Windows 2000 machine, it can only be created on dynamic disks. However, if you are upgrading a Windows NT computer to Windows 2000, any existing stripe set will be supported.

26. Fault tolerance boot disk is a floppy disk that enables you to boot a computer in the event that the first disk in a mirrored volume fails. Even if you mirror the installation folder in a Windows 2000 OS, you will not be able to boot because boot.ini points to the first volume. Therefore, you need to create a fault tolerance boot disk that contains an edited Boot.ini file that points to the mirrored volume.

27. You can use convert.exe command to change a FAT file system to an NTFS file system on a disk volume.

28. Roaming user profile retains its own customized desktop and work environment settings, irrespective of which Windows 2000 computer that a given user logs on.

29. The default Minimum password length is set to 0 characters. The password can be anywhere between 0 and 14 characters. Password length of 0 characters mean that there is no password or a blank password.

30. Disk quotas can only be used on NTFS volumes. This is because only NTFS volumes maintain ownership information on files and folders. Windows Explorer can be used to configure and monitor disk quotas.

31. The default permission for "Everyone" group on a Shared folder is "Full Control". Share permissions are applied only to folders created on FAT (FAT32) partitions.

32. When both Share and NTFS permissions are applied, the most restrictive permissions will apply.